SEC Accuses Goldman Sachs of Investor Fraud

The Securities and Exchange Commission's fraud charges against Goldman Sachs today clearly took the markets by surprise, sending the bank's shares down as much as 15 percent.


Beyond Goldman, the damage inflicted on the financial sector has been broad and deep. Deutsche Bank (DB) and JP Morgan Chase (JPM) are taking the biggest hits so far, down more than 7 percent and 4 percent respectively at the time of this writing.
The one beneficiary in all this is American International Group (AIG), which may see some funds returned as a result of the action against Goldman. AIG shares are up 1.6 percent.

The uptrend in the Financial Sector SPDR (XLF) has been broken by today's action. The breakdown below the 10-day moving average, last at $16.57, has snapped the uptrend that was in place since the February lows. A lot now depends on whether the downside continues to accelerate, or moderates, as the trading day continues.

The S&P 500 cannot make headway without the financials continuing to participate in the upside. The index did test down to its 10-day moving average, last at 1195.45. If there is a breakdown and a close below that average, then the uptrend in the index since its February lows will also come to an end.

Markets rarely like surprises, and this one comes just as earnings season unfolds and many stocks had recovered to pre-crash highs. If the bears have a shot at turning the tide, this is their moment.

Bollinger Bands

Description
Bollinger Bands are a technical trading tool created by John Bollinger in the early 1980s.

The purpose of Bollinger Bands is to provide a relative definition of high and low.
Bollinger Bands consist of a set of three plots drawn in relation to securities prices.

The middle band is a measure of the intermediate-term trend, usually a simple moving average, that serves as the base for the upper and lower bands.

The interval between the upper and lower bands and the middle band is determined by volatility, typically the standard deviation of the same data that are used for the average.

The default parameters are 20day (periods) and two standard deviations:

Middle Bollinger Band = 20-Day simple moving average
Upper Bollinger Band = Middle Bollinger Band + 2 * 20-period standard deviation
Lower Bollinger Band = Middle Bollinger Band - 2 * 20-period standard deviation

The majority of a security's price action will occur within the range of the Bollinger Bands, but prices can remain overbought or oversold for an extended period of time.

In periods of considerable price changes (i.e. of high volatility) the bands widen leaving a lot of room to the prices to move in. During standstill periods, or the periods of low volatility the band contracts keeping the prices within their limits.


Calculation:
Bollinger bands are formed by three lines. The middle line (ML) is a usual Moving Average.
ML = SUM[CLOSE, N]/N

The top line, TL, is the same as the middle line a certain number of standard deviations (D) higher than the ML.
TL = ML+(D*StdDev)

The bottom line (BL) is the middle line shifted down by the same number of standard deviations.
BL = ML-(D*StdDev)

Where:
N is the number of periods used in calculation;
SMA = Simple Moving Average;
StdDev = means Standard Deviation.
StdDev = SQRT(SUM[(CLOSE-SMA(CLOSE,N))^2,N]/N)

It is recommended to use 20-period Simple Moving Average as the middle line, and plot top and bottom lines two standard deviations away from it.

Conclusions
Even though Bollinger Bands can help generate buy and sell signals, they are not designed to determine the future direction of a security.

Bollinger Bands serve two primary functions:
-To identify periods of high and low volatility
-To identify periods when prices are at extreme, and possibly unsustainable, levels.

Remember that buy and sell signals are not given when prices reach the upper or lower bands. Such levels merely indicate that prices are high or low on a relative basis.

NinjaScript
Bollinger Bands come programmed into NinjaTrader.

Suggestions
When using Bollinger Bands, I usually plot the 20-day moving average with both the first and second standard deviations. This way, if a security is trading between the first and second bands, you can see clearly if it's in an up trend or a down trend. If the security is between the moving average and the first standard deviation, then it is considered to be in no man's land and I would wait for a clearer signal before trading.

How To: Program Your Own Indicators

Overview
NinjaTrader is a rapidly growing trading application that utilizes C# to program your own custom indicators and automated trading strategies. All code examples (or NinjaScript as the platform refers to them) on this website are programmed for the NinjaTrader platform. For a complete description of how to program for NinjaTrader, please see the official website here.

Below is a quick guide on how to get started with the indicator examples posted on this blog. The strategy wizard is very similar and will be detailed later if there is sufficient demand for it.

Part 1

Choose "Tools > New NinjaScript > Indicator..."

Click "Next" to get to the next window.

Do exactly what the wizard tells you: enter your indicator name and a brief description.

For ease of use with code from this blog, delete all the default values on the next few pages. Until you get to the last page...

Click "Generate" instead of finish to take you to the NinjaScript Editor window.


Part 2

You should be left with something like the following code, pay attention to the parts in bold:

// Using declarations

// This namespace holds all indicators and is required. Do not change it.
namespace NinjaTrader.Indicator
{
    ///

    /// My Indicator Name
    ///

    [Description("My Indicator")]
    public class MyIndicator : Indicator
    {
        #region Variables
        // Wizard generated variables

        // Add any global variables from this blog's examples here.

        int SomeGlobalVariable = 0;

        #endregion

        ///

        /// This method is used to configure the indicator and is called once before any bar data

        /// is loaded.
        ///
        protected override void Initialize()
        {
            CalculateOnBarClose    = true;
            Overlay                           = true;        //  Displays your indicator over the price bars or separately.
            PriceTypeSupported    = false;
        }

      // Paste a function from this blog anywhere in this area.

      public void SomeIndicator()

      {

      // Do something.

           SomeGlobalVariable = Close[0];
      }

        ///

        /// Called on each bar update event (incoming tick)
        ///

        protected override void OnBarUpdate()
        {
            // Use this method for calculating your indicator values.

            // Call the function that you pasted above.

            SomeIndicator();

        }

        #region Properties

        #endregion
    }
}

// NinjaScript generated code. Neither change nor remove.
// This namespace holds all indicators and is required. Do not change it.


That's it! Just edit the bold sections above and you should be good to go. Happy programming!

When to Ignore the Technicals

When the Fed chief says he doesn't care about a weak dollar, or the prices of commodities rising so that we can avoid deflation, you better believe the market will move higher on that. Except now EVERYONE is going to jump on the short dollar / long commodities trade. If you want to help inflate the bubble, jump on in, but I would suggest that you use options so you don't get burned when the bubble bursts.

Some of the only good economic news that I've been able to find:

The Baltic Dry Index has doubled in the past month. It's still more than 50% below its all-time high, but still nothing to sneeze at.

I'm not willing to participate in the market's ecstasy at these levels, but I am a little short financials and long-term bearish over the next 6-9 months.

Knowing When to Sell

This market has been overbought for the past three months. Unless you're Apple or Goldman Sachs, your company probably hasn't increased its earnings with increased revenue. Maintaining profitability by laying people off is only hurting this economy more.

Goldman Sachs' projected year end level for the S&P is 1,150. Let's say that 1,100 is close enough. If you're staying in this market for 50 more points, you're being too greedy. It's time to sell. Get out or buy some puts on the Russel 2000 to hedge your bets.

Forex

When searching for Forex information on the internet you are likely to find articles relating to trendlines and trendline analysis. Tom DeMark is a specialist in the field of technical market analysis and his best-selling book The New Science of Technical Analysis is chalk-filled with technical indicators and rationale to explain the market.

Derivatives

Derivatives are a class of securities whose price is derived from one or more underlying assets but may include additional factors such as interest rates, time to expiration and various other economic factors. The derivative itself is a contract between two or more parties to exchange a fixed amount of the underlying security at a given date and price. The most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indexes. Most derivatives are characterized as risky investments because of their high leverage. 

This page will primarily focus on the two most common forms of derivatives: options and futures. The primary difference between options and futures is that options allow the right to buy or sell the underlying asset at expiration, whereas futures have an obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at expiration.

Options
Options are a contract between two people for the right to exchange a fixed amount of shares (typically 100 shares per contract) of a given security at a given strike price on a given date. Stock options are issued as puts (downside exposure) or calls (upside exposure) and can be combined to create spreads, which are used for effective risk management.

Common options spreads:

• Vertical Spread
• Covered Call
• Collars
• Diagonal Spreads
• Backspreads
• Iron Condors
• Straddles and Strangles
• Butterflies and Condors
• Calendar Spreads

Futures
Futures are a financial contract obligating the buyer/seller to purchase/sell an asset--such as a physical commodity or a financial instrument--at a predetermined future date and price. A futures contract will include the type and quantity of the underlying asset in a standardized format that is traded on a futures exchange. Some futures contracts require physical delivery of the asset, while others are settled in cash. The futures markets are characterized by the ability to use very high leverage relative to stock markets.

Futures can be used either to hedge or to speculate on the price movement of the underlying asset. For example, an oil producer can use futures to lock in a given price to sell his oil at and reduce risk (hedge). However, individuals and hedge funds are allowed to speculate on the direction of oil by purchasing or selling oil futures.

This page will gradually expand to include ways to dynamically hedge your derivatives positions and explain various ways of pricing options and futures premiums.

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental Analysis evaluates a security by examining the intrinsic value of the underlying company, country, or financial sector through measuring economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysts also study macroeconomic and microeconomic factors that effect the security's value.

The goal of fundamental analysis is to produce a value that can be compared against the security's current price, to determine if the given security is overbought or oversold.

This method of security analysis is considered to be the opposite of technical analysis. For an exhaustive reference of fundamental analysis, consider purchasing a copy of Benjamin Graham's Security Analysis.

Eventually, this page will contain live updates of stock analysis and resources.

Technical Analysis

Technical Analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts does not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity.

The majority of information provided on this site is based on technical analysis and these are several very common studies used to generate that information:

• MACD
• Stochastics
• RSI
• Bollinger Bands
• Guppy Multiple Moving Averages

Daily Levels

S&P 500



Note:
The Russell 2000 levels are calculated from the IWM ETF.

Disclaimer:
Quotes may be delayed up to 20 minutes. Information is provided 'as is' and solely for informational purposes, not for trading purposes or advice.